Publications

2024

• Staples, J. A., Daly-Grafstein, D., Robinson, I., Khan, M., Hawkins, N., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Steinberg, C., Maclure, M., Krahn, A.D., Brubacher, J. R. (2024). Cardioverter-defibrillator implantation as a risk factor for motor vehicle crash. JACC Clinical Electrophysiology. [In press].
• Staples, J.A., Daly-Grafstein, D., Khan, M., Erdelyi, S., Chan, H., Honer, W.G., Brubacher, J.R. (2024). Acute psychosis and the risk of motor vehicle crash. MedRxiv. 2024-12.
• Staples, J. A., Daly-Grafstein, D., Robinson, T., Khan, M., Erdelyi, S., Hawkins, N., Chan, H., Steinberg, C., Chakrabarty, S., Krahn, A.D., Brubacher, J. R. (2024). Motor vehicle crash risk after cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: a population-based cohort study. Heart. 110(24), 1401-1407.
• Robinson, I., Daly-Grafstein, D., Khan, M., Krahn, A.D., Hawkins, N.M., Brubacher, J.R., Staples, J.A. (2024). Distinguishing primary and secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators using administrative health and cardiac device registry data. Canadian Journal of Cardiology Open. 6(7), 876-883.
• Redelmeier, D. A., & Staples, J. A. (2024). Fatal traffic risks with a total solar eclipse in the US. JAMA Internal Medicine, 184(5), 575-577.
• Momenyan, S., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Pei, L. X., Shum, L. K., Jae, L., Taylor, J., Staples, J. A., & Brubacher, J. R. (2024). Health-related quality of life in the year following road trauma: Longitudinal analysis using piecewise latent curve modeling. Journal of Affective Disorders, 354, 509-518.
• Staples, J. A., Daly-Grafstein, D., Robinson, I., Khan, M., Hawkins, N.,Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Steinberg C, Maclure, M., Krahn, A.D., Brubacher, J. R. (2024).
• Staples, J. A., Daly-Grafstein, D., Khan, M., Pei, L. X., Erdelyi, S., Rezansoff, S. N., Chan, H., Honer, W. G., Brubacher, J. R. (2024). Schizophrenia, antipsychotic treatment adherence and driver responsibility for motor vehicle crash: A population-based retrospective study in British Columbia, Canada. British Medical Journal Open, 14(7), 080609.
• Boicu, B., Al-Hakim, D., Yuan, Y., & Brubacher, J.R. (2024). Attitudes toward driving after cannabis use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 106, 418-430.
• Boicu, B., Al-Hakim, D., Yuan, Y., & Brubacher, J.R. (2024). Attitudes toward driving after cannabis use: A systematic review. Journal of Cannabis Research, 6(1), 37-15.
• Boicu, B., Buhay, R., Yuan, Y., Brubacher, J.R. (2024). Media reporting on cannabis-impaired driving and related traffic policy in Canada. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 25, 101120.
• Bonnell, N., Jamal, K., Boicu, B., & Brubacher, J. R. (2024). Resident physicians have an increased risk of adverse driving events following extended-duration work shifts: A systematic review. Curēus (Palo Alto, CA).
• Momenyan, S., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Pei, L.X., Shum, L.K., Staples, J.A., Taylor, J.A., Jae, L., Brubacher, J.R. Bryan, S. (2024). Trajectories of health-related quality of life following road trauma: Latent growth mixture modeling across a 12-month cohort study. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 202, 107574.
• Momenyan, S., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Pei, L.X., Shum, L.K., Staples, J.A., Taylor, J.A., Jae, L., Brubacher, J.R. (2024). Health-related quality of life in the year following road trauma: Longitudinal analysis using piecewise latent curve modeling. Journal of Affective Disorders, 354, 509-518.
• Pei, L., Chan, H., Staples, J.A., Taylor, J.A., Jae, L., Brubacher, J.R. Harris, D.R. (2024). Twelve-month recovery following road trauma: Results from an inception cohort in Vancouver, Canada. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 67(4).
• Asbridge, M. Brubacher, J.R. (2024). Cannabis and alcohol involvement in motor vehicle crashes: reflections in the era of legalization. American Journal of Public Health, 114(6), 550-552.
• Kureshi, N., Clark, D.B., Audas, L., Kirk, M., Nassar, B., Chan, H., Yuan, Y., Erdelyi, S., Brubacher, J.R. (2024). Off-road vehicle crashes: dangers of alcohol and drug impairment. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 26(5), 321-326.
• Ciano, P.D., Rajji, T.K., Hong, L., Zhao, S., Byrne, P., Elzohairy, Y., Brubacher, J.R., McGrath, M., Brands, B., Chen, S., Wang, W., Hasan, O.S., Wickens, C.M., Kaduri, P., Le Foll, B. (2024). Cannabis and driving in older adults. Traffic Injury Prevention 25(1),1-7.

2023

• Staples, J. A., Erdelyi, S., Merchant, K., Yip, C., Khan, M., Redelmeier, D.A., Chan, H., Brubacher, J.R. (2023). Syncope while driving and the risk of a subsequent motor vehicle crash. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 83(2), 147-157.
• Pei, L., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Jae, L., Brubacher, J.R. (2023). Circumstances and outcome of active transportation injuries: protocol of a British Columbian inception cohort study. British Medical Journal Open 13(10), e079219.
• Beirness, D. J., Smith, D., Brubacher, J. R. (2023). Enhancing the Standardized Field Sobriety Test to detect cannabis impairment: An observational study. Traffic Injury Prevention, 25(1), 1-7.
• Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Jiang, A., McLeod, C., Koehoorn, M., Brubacher, J. R. (2023). Did implementation of no-fault auto-insurance in British Columbia, Canada, impact return to work following road trauma? Protocol for a before–after survival analysis. British Medical Journal Open 13(9), e075858.
• Pei, L. X., Chan, H., Shum, L. K., Jae, L., Staples, J. A., Taylor, J. A., Harris, D. R., Brubacher, J. R. (2023). Demographic and clinical profile of an inception cohort of road trauma survivors. British Medical Journal Public Health 23(1), 1534.
• Staples, J. A., Erdelyi, S., Merchant, K., Yip, C., Khan, M., Mclure, K. M., Redelmeier, D.A., Chan, H., Brubacher, J.R. (2023). Syncope and traffic crash: A population-based case-crossover analysis. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 40(4), 554-561.
• Brubacher, J. R., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Yuan, Yue., Daoust, R., Vaillancourt, C., Rowe, B., Lee, J., Mercier, E., Atkinson, P., Davis, P., Clarke, D., Taylor, J., Macpherson, A., Emond, M., Al-Hakim, D., Horwood, C., Wishart, I., Magee, K., Rao, J., Eppler, J. (2023). High‐‘n’‐dry? A comparison of cannabis and alcohol use in drivers presenting to hospital after a vehicular collision. Addiction, 118(8), 1507-1516.
• Yuan, Y., Masud, M., Chan, H., Chan, W., Brubacher, J. R. (2023). Intersectionality and urban mobility: A systematic review on gender differences in active transport uptake. Journal of Transport & Health, 29, 101572.
• Staples, J. A., Erdelyi, S., Merchant, K., Yip, C., Khan, M., Redelmeier, D.A., Chan, H., Brubacher, J.R. (2023). Syncope and subsequent traffic crash: A responsibility analysis. PLoS One 18(1), e0279710.

2022

• Brubacher, J. R., Staples, J. A., Chan, H. (2022). Detection of tetrahydrocannabinol in injured drivers. Reply. The New England Journal of Medicine, 386(12), 1194. 
• Staples, J. A., Erdelyi, S., Merchant, K., Yip, C., Khan, M., Redelmeier, D.A., Chan, H., Brubacher, J.R. (2022). Syncope and the risk of subsequent motor vehicle crash: A population-based retrospective cohort study. JAMA Internal Medicine, 182(9), 934-942.
• Robertson, M. B., Li, A., Yuan, Y., Jiang, A., Gjerde, H., Staples, J. A., Brubacher, J. R. (2022). Correlation between oral fluid and blood THC concentration: A systematic review and discussion of policy implications. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 173, 106694.
• Brubacher, J. R., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Staples, J. A., Asbridge, M., Mann, R. (2022). Cannabis legalization and detection of tetrahydrocannabinol in injured driver. The New England Journal of Medicine, 386(2), 148-156.

2021

• Oakey, M., Evans, D.C., Copley, T., Karbakhsh, M., Samarakkoby, D., Brubacher, J.R., Pawer, S., Zheng, A., Rajabali, F., Fyfe, M., Pike, I. (2021). Development of policy-relevant indicators for injury prevention in British Columbia by the key decision-makers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), e11837.
• Staples, J. A., Yuan, Y., Meddings, L., Brubacher, J. R. (2021). Are we there yet? The American journey to safer city streets. The American Journal of Public Health, 111(9), 1586-1588.
• MacCallum, C. A., de Freitas, L., Lo, L. A., Eadie, L., Brubacher, J. R. (2021). Cannabinoid-related adverse events and impairment. In Cannabinoids and Pain (pp. 293-306). Springer, Cham.
• Cassidy, L., Croft, E., Erdelyi, S., Brubacher, J. (2021). Motor vehicle incidents in postgraduate trainees in British Columbia. Canadian Medical Education Journal, 12(4), 27-38.
• Shum, L. K., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Pei, L. X., Brubacher, J. R. (2021). Predictors of poor health and functional recovery following road trauma: protocol of a British Columbian inception cohort study. British Medical Journal Open, 11(4), e049623.
• Brubacher, J. R., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Zed, P. J., Staples, J. A., Etminan, M. (2021). Medications and risk of motor vehicle collision responsibility in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based case-control study. The Lancet Public Health, 6(6), e374-e385.
• Toofany, M., Mohsenian, S., Shum, L. K., Chan, H., Brubacher, J. R. (2021). Injury patterns and circumstances associated with electric scooter collisions: a scoping review. Injury Prevention, 27(5), 490-499.
• Eadie, L., Lo, L. A., Christiansen, A., Brubacher, J. R., Barr, A. M., Panenka, W. J., MacCallum, C. A. (2021). Duration of neurocognitive impairment with medical cannabis use: a scoping review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 286.
• Staples, J. A., Erdelyi, S., Moe, J., Khan, M., Chan, H., Brubacher, J. R. (2021). Prescription opioid use among drivers in British Columbia, 1997–2016. Injury Prevention, 27(6), 527-534.

2020

• Asbridge, M., MacNabb, K., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Wilson, M., Brubacher, J.R. (2020). Prescription drug use as a risk factor for motor vehicle collision culpability: A responsibility study. Injury Prevention, 27(4), 324-330.
• Peng, Y. W., Desapriya, E., Chan, H., Brubacher, J. R. (2020). Residual blood THC levels in frequent cannabis users after over four hours of abstinence: A systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 216, 108177.
• Asbridge, M., Macnabb, K., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Wilson, M., Brubacher, J. R. (2020). Prescription medication use as a risk factor for motor vehicle collisions: A responsibility study. Injury Prevention, 27(4), 324-330.
• Masud, M., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Yuan, Y., Brubacher, J.R. (2020). Epidemiology of drug driving: protocol from a national Canadian study measuring levels of cannabis, alcohol and other substances in injured drivers. BMC Public Health 20, 1070.
• Brubacher, J. R., Chan, H., Staples, J. A. (2020). Cannabis-impaired driving and Canadian youth. Paediatrics & Child Health, 25(Supplement_1), S21-S25.
• Steinberg, C., Cheung, C. C., Wan, D., Sodhi, A., Claros, S., Staples, J. A., Philippon, F., Laksman, Z., Sarrazin, J., Bennett, M., Plourde, B., Deyell, M., Andrade, J., Roy, K., Yeung-Lai-Wah, J., Molin, F., Hawkins, N., Blier, L., Nault, I., O’Hara, G., Krahn, A.D., Champagne, J., Chakrabarti, S. (2020). Driving restrictions and early arrhythmias in patients receiving a primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (DREAM-ICD study). Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 35(10), S148.
• Brubacher, J.R., MacDonald, S., Mann, R. E., Eppler, J., Asbridge, M., Chan, H. (2020). Reply to Beckson:” Cannabis, crashes, and blood: challenges for observational research”. Addiction, 115(3), 590-591.
• Staples, J.A., Merchant, K., Erdelyi, S., Lund, A., Brubacher, J.R. (2020). Emergency department visits during the 4/20 cannabis celebration. Emergency Medicine Journal, 2020;37:187-192.

2019

• Staples, J. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (2019). Crashes on cannabis celebration day. Injury Prevention, 25(5), 476-477.
• Staples, J. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (2019). Association between April 20 cannabis celebration and fatal crashes. JAMA Internal Medicine, 179(3), 456.
• Brubacher, J. R., Shih, Y., Weng, J. T., Verma, R., Evans, D., Grafstein, E. (2019). Low-impact strategy for capturing better emergency department injury surveillance data. Injury Prevention, 25(6), 507-513.
• Smith, N. K., Brubacher, J. R., Andreou, P., Asbridge, M. (2019). Does the inclusion of vehicle impoundment in provincial short-term administrative driver’s license suspension programs reduce total and alcohol-related fatal collisions in Canada? Traffic Injury Prevention, 20(8), 771-776.
• Sukhawathanakul, P., Thompson, K., Brubacher, J., Leadbeater, B. (2019). Marijuana trajectories and associations with driving risk behaviors in Canadian youth. Traffic Injury Prevention, 20(5), 472-477.
• Brubacher, J. R., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S. (2019). Injury severity in police collision reports correlates poorly with requirement for hospital admission. Journal of Transport & Health, 14, 100606. 
• Brubacher, J. R., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Macdonald, S., Asbridge, M., Mann, R. E., Eppler, J., Lund, A., MacPherson, A., Martz, W., Schreiber, W. E., Brant, R., Purssell, R. A. (2019). Cannabis use as a risk factor for causing motor vehicle crashes: a prospective study. Addiction, 114(9), 1616.
• Staples, J. A., Yip, C., Redelmeier, D. A. (2019). Pedestrian fatalities associated with Halloween in the United States. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(1), 101-103.

2018

• Chan, H., Chiang, T., Yip, R., Shih, Y., Ho, V., Brar, R., Brubacher, J. (2018). Driving ability and transportation needs of older drivers treated in an emergency department. Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety, 29(4), 30.
• Brubacher, J., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Lovegrove, G., Faghihi, F. (2018). Road safety impact of increased rural highway speed limits in British Columbia, Canada. Sustainability, 10(10), 3555.
• Staples, J. A., Redelmeier, D. A. (2018). The April 20 cannabis celebration and fatal traffic crashes in the United States. JAMA Internal Medicine, 178(4), 569-572.
• Brubacher, J. R., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Asbridge, M., Mann, R. E., Purssell, R. A., Solomon, R. (2018). Police documentation of drug use in injured drivers: Implications for monitoring and preventing drug-impaired driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 118, 200–206. 

2017

• Brubacher, J., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Asbridge, M., Schuurman, N. (2017). Factors predicting local effectiveness of impaired driving laws, British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 78(6), 899-909.
• Wettlaufer, A., Florica, R. O., Asbridge, M., Beirness, D., Brubacher, J., Callaghan, R., Fischer, B., Gmel, G., Imtiaz, S., Mann, R. E., McKiernan, A., Rehm, J. (2017). Estimating the harms and costs of cannabis-attributable collisions in the Canadian provinces. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 173, 185–190.
• Brubacher, J. R., Chan, H., Purssell, E., Tuyp, B. J., Ting, D. K., Mehrnoush, V. (2017). Minor injury crashes: Prevalence of driver-related risk factors and outcome. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 52(5), 632-638.
• Leadbeater, B. J., Ames, M. E., Sukhawathanakul, P., Fyfe, M., Stanwick, R., Brubacher, J. R. (2017). Frequent marijuana use and driving risk behaviours in Canadian youth. Paediatrics & Child Health, 22(1), 7–12. 
• Olson, Z., Staples, J. A., Mock, C. N., Nguyen, N. P., Bachani, A. M., Nugent, R., Verguet, S. (2017). Helmet regulation in Vietnam: Impact on health, equity, and medical impoverishment. Injury Prevention and Environmental Health, 22(4), 233-238.

2016

• Brubacher, J. R., Chan, H., Martz, W., Schreiber, W., Asbridge, M., Eppler, J., Lund, A., Macdonald, S., Drummer, O., Purssell, R., Andolfatto, G., Mann, R.,  Brant, R. (2016). Prevalence of alcohol and drug use in injured British Columbia drivers. British Medical Journal Open, 6(3), e009278.
• Brubacher, J. R., Chan, H., Erdelyi, S., Schuurman, N., Amram, O. (2016). The association between regional environmental factors and road trauma rates: A geospatial analysis of 10 years of road traffic crashes in British Columbia, Canada. PloS One, 11(4), e0153742. 
• Brubacher, J. R., Desapriya, E., Erdelyi, S., Chan, H. (2016). The impact of child safety restraint legislation on child injuries in police-reported motor vehicle collisions in British Columbia: An interrupted time series analysis. Paediatrics & Child Health, 21(4) e27-e31.
• Brubacher, J. R., Desapriya, E., Chan, H., Ranatunga, Y., Harjee, R., Erdelyi, S., Asbridge, M., Purssell, R., Pike, I. (2016). Reprint of “Media reporting of traffic legislation changes in British Columbia (2010)”. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 97, 335–341.

2015

• Cripton, P. A., Shen, H., Brubacher, J. R., Chipman, M., Friedman, S. M., Harris, M. A., Winters, M., Reynolds, C. C. O., Cusimano, M. D., Babul, S., Teschke, K. (2015). Severity of urban cycling injuries and the relationship with personal, trip, route and crash characteristics: analyses using four severity metrics. British Medical Journal Open, 5(1), e006654. 
• Staples, J. A., Redelmeier, D. A. (2014). Fatality risks on the road and in space. American Journal of Medicine, 27(6), 467-468.e13.
• Brubacher, J. R., Desapriya, E., Chan, H., Ranatunga, Y., Harjee, R., Erdelyi, S., Asbridge, M., Purssell, R., Pike, I. (2015). Media reporting of traffic legislation changes in British Columbia (2010). Accident Analysis and Prevention, 82, 227–233.
• Brubacher, J.R. (2015) What do we know about drug driving? British Columbia Medical Journal, 57, (3), 114-115.

2014

• Desapriya, E., Harjee, R., Brubacher, J., Chan, H., Hewapathirane, D. S., Subzwari, S., Pike, I. (2014). Vision screening of older drivers for preventing road traffic injuries and fatalities. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2), CD006252.
• Brubacher, J., Chan, H., Asbridge, M. (2014). Culpability analysis is still a valuable technique. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(1), 270–272. 
• Teschke, K., Frendo, T., Shen, H., Harris, M. A., Reynolds, C. C. O., Cripton, P. A., Brubacher, J. R., Cusimano, M. D., Friedman, S. M., Hunte, G., Monro, M., Vernich, L., Babul, S., Chipman, M., Winters, M. (2014). Bicycling crash circumstances vary by route type: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health, 14, 1205. 
• Purssell, R. A., Chan, H., Brown, D., Fang, M., Brubacher, J. R. (2014). Risk factors for subsequent impaired driving by injured passengers. Traffic Injury Prevention, 15(4), 355–360. 
• Brubacher, J., Chan, H., Brasher, P., Erdelyi, S., Desapriya, E., Asbridge, M., Purssell, R., Macdonald, S., Schuurman, N., Pike, I. (2014). Reduction in fatalities, ambulance calls, and hospital admissions for road trauma after implementation of new traffic laws. American Journal of Public Health, 104(10), e89-97.

2013

• Macdonald, S., Zhao, J., Martin, G., Brubacher, J., Stockwell, T., Arason, N., Steinmetz, S., Chan, H. (2013). The impact on alcohol-related collisions of the partial decriminalization of impaired driving in British Columbia, Canada. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 59, 200–205.
• Asbridge, M., Brubacher, J., Chan, H. (2013). Cell phone use and traffic crash risk: a culpability analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 42(1), 259-267.
• Harris, M. A., Reynolds, C. C. O., Winters, M., Cripton, P. A., Shen, H., Chipman, M. L., Cusimano, M. D., Babul, S., Brubacher, J. R., Friedman, S. M., Hunte, G., Monro, M., Vernich, L., Teschke, K. (2013). Comparing the effects of infrastructure on bicycling injury at intersections and non-intersections using a case-crossover design. Injury Prevention: Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, 19(5), 303–310.
• Brubacher, J., Chan, H., Fang, M., Brown, D., Purssell, R. (2013). Police documentation of alcohol involvement in hospitalized injured drivers. Traffic Injury Prevention, 14(5), 453–460. 

2004 – 2012

• Teschke, K., Brubacher, J., Friedman, S. M., Cripton, P. A., Harris, M. A., Reynolds, C. C. O., Shen, H., Monro, M., Hunte, G., Chipman, M., Cusimano, M. D., Lea, N. S., Babul, S., Winters, M. (2012). Personal and trip characteristics associated with safety equipment use by injured adult bicyclists: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 765. 
• Brubacher, J., Chan, H., Asbridge, M. (2012). Development and validation of a crash culpability scoring tool. Traffic Injury Prevention, 13(3), 219–229. 
• Winters, M., Babul, S., Becker, H. J. E. H. J., Brubacher, J., Chipman, M., Cripton, P., Cusimano, M. D., Friedman, S. M., Harris, M. A., Hunte, G., Monro, M., Reynolds, C. C. O., Shen, H., Teschke, K. (2012). Safe cycling: how do risk perceptions compare with observed risk? Canadian Journal of Public Health, 103(9 Suppl 3), eS42-7. 
• Ashwell, Z., McKay, M. P., Brubacher, J., Gareau, A. (2012). The epidemiology of mountain bike park injuries at the Whistler Bike Park, British Columbia (BC), Canada. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 23(2), 140–145.
• Teschke, K., Harris, M. A., Reynolds, C. C. O., Winters, M., Babul, S., Chipman, M., Cusimano, M. D., Brubacher, J. R., Hunte, G., Friedman, S. M., Monro, M., Shen, H., Vernich, L., Cripton, P. A. (2012). Route infrastructure and the risk of injuries to bicyclists: a case-crossover study. American Journal of Public Health, 102(12), 2336–2343.
• Purssell, R.A., Brubacher, J.R. (2012) Alcohol-related traffic fatalities declining. British Columbia Medical Journal, 54:90.
• Brubacher, J.R. (2011). Cannabis and motor vehicle crashes. British Columbia Medical Journal, 53:292-93.
• Lau, M., Brubacher, J.R., Chan, H. (2011). Cannabis and motor vehicle crashes. UBC Medical Journal, 4.
• Purssell, R., Brown, D., Brubacher, J. R., Wilson, J., Fang, M., Schulzer, M., Mak, E., Abu-Laban, R. B., Simons, R., Walker, T. (2010). Proportion of injured drivers presenting to a tertiary care emergency department who engage in future impaired driving activities. Traffic Injury Prevention, 11(1), 35-42.
• Purssell, R. A., Yarema, M., Wilson, J., Fang, M., Simons, R., Kasic, S., Abu-Laban, R. B., Brubacher, J., Lupu, I. (2004). Proportion of injured alcohol-impaired drivers subsequently convicted of an impaired driving criminal code offence in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 6(2), 80–88. 

Last updated: 2024.08.20